From randomness to order: unperturbed Schelling segregation in two or three dimensions

Schelling’s model of segregation, first described in 1969 [17], has become one of the best known models of self-organising behaviour. While Schelling’s explicit concern was to understand the mechanisms underlying racial segregation in large cities from a game theoretic perspective, the model should be seen as one of a family, arising in fields as diverse as statistical mechanics, neural networks and the social sciences, and which are concerned with interacting populations situated on network structures. Despite extensive study, however, the (unperturbed) Schelling model has largely resisted rigorous analysis, prior results in the literature generally pertaining to variants of the model in which noise is introduced into the dynamics of the system, the resulting model then being amenable to standard techniques from statistical mechanics or stochastic evolutionary game theory [21]. A series of recent papers [6, 3, 4], has seen the first rigorous analysis of the one dimensional version of the unperturbed model. Here we provide the first rigorous analysis of the two and three dimensional unperturbed models, establishing most of the phase diagram.